File:Copper (Russia) (16673591164).jpg
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Summary[edit]
DescriptionCopper (Russia) (16673591164).jpg |
Copper from Russia. (Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substrance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed). Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals. To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals. Copper is the only metallic element that has a "reddish" color - it’s actually a metallic orange color. Most metallic elements, apart from gold & copper, are silvery-gray colored. Copper tends to form sharp-edged, irregular, twisted masses of moderately high density. It is moderately soft, but is extremely difficult to break. It has no cleavage and has a distinctive hackly fracture. |
Date | |
Source | Copper (Russia) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jsj1771 at https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/16673591164. It was reviewed on 3 May 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
3 May 2015
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current | 20:01, 3 May 2015 | 1,104 × 1,397 (1.33 MB) | Natuur12 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/3.5 |
ISO speed rating | 104 |
Date and time of data generation | 03:09, 30 January 2011 |
Lens focal length | 9.817 mm |
Width | 1,944 px |
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Bits per component |
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Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 22:26, 27 April 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 03:09, 30 January 2011 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 3.625 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.625 APEX (f/3.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
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File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 5.8-23.2 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:26, 27 April 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | 64A91C778E736BCFDB6D98CF1E97E7E7 |